单词 | back 1 |
释义 | back1[bæk]n.1.■背;背部2.■(人和许多其他动物的)背部3.■脊柱,脊骨4.■(椅)背,靠背5.■(尤指作为支柱承受负担的)整个身躯,全身6.■衣服背部,背面,后片;反面7.■后面,(手、腿等的)背面;后部8.■(不常使用或看到的东西的)背面(如刀、地毯、织物等的背面)9.■【装订】10.■(书的)订口11.■书脊,书背12.■(书报等的)末尾13.■力气,气力,体力14.■【造船】(船的)龙骨15.■【航海学、航空学】(推进器叶、螺旋桨叶等的)叶背;上表面(与 face 相反)16.■【航空学】机身上部17.■【采矿学】巷道顶板,悬帮18.■【木工】19.■(梁和椽、栏杆等的)上表面20.■(内窗台与地板之间的)内墙区21.■【建筑学】拱背线,外弧面,外曲线(= extrados)22.■【体育】23.■(橄榄球等的)四分卫(或后卫),(足球等运动中的)卫(指前卫或后卫球员)24.■卫(指球员的位置),卫的位置25.■(江、河、湖、海的)水面adj.1.■(无比较级;最高级用backmost)2.■后面的;背面的;背后的3.■[美国、澳大利亚、新西兰英语]遥远的,边远的;偏僻的;远离(中心地域或主要地位)的,边陲的4.■旧的,过期的,过时的;过去的5.■拖欠的,到期未付的6.■向后(动)的,反向的,倒退的,逆的;回程的7.■【航海学】反向的(= reciprocal)8.■【语音学】舌后的,舌根的,后(元音)的(如 cool 中的 /u:/,如 go 中的两个音)9.■【板球】后撤(防守性)击球的10.■【高尔夫球】(十八穴高尔夫球场的)后九穴的11.■【物理学】反的adv.1.■向后(面);在后(面);往后;后仰着2.■在原处3.■(场所、状况)回到原处,回原处,回复原状;复元4.■回,回溯,追溯;以前,以往5.■往回6.■(磁带等)倒回重放7.■(付)还,用作偿还;回,作为回答,作为报复8.■隐匿地,隐蔽地,隐藏着;保留着,储备着9.■在一段距离之外10.■处于被箝制状态;扣押着;忍住11.■(钟)拨回,拨迟vt.1.■(以个人权威、影响、帮助或金钱来)支持;拥护;赞助,资助(常与 up 连用):to back up a friend financially在经济上资助朋友to back a candidate支持一名候选人2.■(用证据或理论来)证实(一种理论或主张)(常与 up 连用):to back up a theory with facts用事实来证实一个理论Can you back your story with facts?你能用事实证实你的报道吗?3.■下赌注于;打赌:to back the wrong horse in the race赛马中对一匹马下错赌注,赌错了马4.■使…向后退,使后退,使倒退;使倒转(常与 up 连用):to back a car倒车,把车向后倒退You'll have to back the car up and turn around.你得倒车,掉头走。5.■给…装上背衬(或背面),衬托;裱(画);在背后加固:to back a book给书装订书脊to back a picture裱画6.■位于…后面;作(或构成)…的背景:That beach is backed by hills.那海滩倚山。Mountains back the town.该城镇背靠大山。7.■为(歌手)(提供)伴奏(常与up连用):a singer backed by bass and piano由低音提琴和钢琴伴奏的歌手8.■乘骑(马等);跨上(或爬上)…的背部:to back the horse骑上马9.■加背书于,背书,在(票据等)背面签字;副署;同意偿付:to back a check (或cheque)背书支票to back a loan为某项贷款提供财政担保10.■[美国英语]背,驮11.■【木工】把木条固定于梁或椽的上面以使达到需要的水平12.■【航海学】13.■张(顶风帆),转帆逆风前进;倒东风向左转(北半球反时针方向)14.■转动帆桁15.■增下串联锚;另下小锚系在大锚前方,抛串联锚vi.1.■后退;倒退(常与 up 连用):If you can't go up the hill forwards, you'll have to back up.如果你不能往前爬上山,那你就得向后退。to back into a room退入室内2.■由于对手的差错而进入(有利地位)(常与into连用):to back into a championship(由于对手差错而)侥幸获得冠军3.■背朝:The house backs on a lake.这所房子背朝湖。4.■堵(水)使升高:The dam backs up a large lake.大坝将水堵住而成一个大湖。5.■【航海学】(风)逆时针转向[与 veer 相反]:During the night the wind backed around to the northeast.夜里风向逆为东北。6.■支持[英文报刊标题用语]近义词supporta pat on the back[口语]赞扬;鼓励[见 pat]a stab in the back见 stab(as) bare as the back (或palm) of one's hand一贫如洗;一无所有at someone's (或one's) back(紧紧)跟在某人之后;追赶某人,跟随某人支持某人,给某人撑腰,作某人后盾 [亦作 at the back of someone]at the back of紧紧在…之后作为背后的原因;作为…的主谋(或主使者、祸根)给…撑腰,作…后盾at the back of one's mind在记忆的深处,模模糊糊地,下意识地[见 mind]back a horse(在赛马等竞赛中)下赌注参加指望成功的事业back and belly[口语]背与腹腹背,前前后后;周身,全身,浑身上下 2.[比喻]衣食(通常用于keep someone back and belly)全然地back and breastᰀ(17世纪的)战甲back and edge[废语]全力地;尽力,拼命完完全全地,全然back and fill【航海学】(在狭窄水道)用左右抢风法行船,使风帆时而吃风张满时而漏风,使风帆时张时缩地前进,看风使帆地前进以避开障碍来回走动,弯弯曲曲地行进,曲折行进,作之字形行进[美国口语]举棋不定,拿不定主意;出尔反尔,反复无常,朝三暮四,犹豫不决;动摇不定,踌躇back and forth(前后)来回(地);来来往往地;交互地;反复地;翻来覆去地back and forward来回;忽来忽去;或前或后back and side全然历尽艰难back a winner(赛马中)把赌注下在定能跑赢的马上从事定能成功(或必将有利可图)的活动[见 winner]back of[美国口语]在…后面给…撑腰,作…后盾作为…背后的原因,是…的原因;导致在…以前帮助;支持;鼓励[亦作 in back of]back the oars划倒桨(使船向后退)[见 oar]back to back背靠背(一个接一个)连续地(在明扑克牌戏中)有两张背对背同花色的牌[常作定语]两张减价的双程机票两部或多部电影的同时或相继拍摄back to back with和…背背相靠,和…背对背back to front[口语]前后倒置back to (或at) square one[口语](问题等)回到(或退回)起点,回到原地,回到原来的状态(没有解决),无所进展;从头做起(原为儿童方格游戏棋用语)[见 square]back to the wall退却,穷途末路;落入圈套back water令划手划倒桨;(左舷或右舷的划手)实施急转弯[见 water][美国英语]撤回(要求、主张、立场等);退缩;退回原来立场be glad to see someone's back希望摆脱某人;巴不得某人离开[亦作 be glad to see the back of someone]behind one's (或someone's) back在(某人)背后,背着某人,背地里,暗地里,暗中;秘密地,私自地be laid on one's back卧病在床(be) on one's back卧病,卧床不起;不能自助be no skin off someone's back (或nose)[口语]对某人毫无关系(或影响),跟某人毫不相干[见 skin]be thrown on one's back【体育】(在摔跤比赛中)被摔倒两肩着地被打得大败break one's back折断脊骨(而死);拼命工作(break her back) (船)断为两截break someone's back折断某人的脊骨(工作等)把某人压得喘不过气来,使某人负担过重;使某人陷入经济困难,使某人破产 [亦作 break the back of someone]break the back of (something)完成某事最艰巨(或最大量)的部分,做…的大部分(或最难部分);克服了某一问题的主要障碍,解决(某个问题的)主要困难(或矛盾)破坏,毁坏,摧垮,伤及…的要害break the camel's back使顶不住,使忍不住;终于造成灾祸cast (something) behind the back摈弃;把(某事)置之脑后,把(某事)丢诸背后,宽恕而不念(旧恶);蔑视某事唾弃原宥某事[来自《圣经》]clap someone on the back拍拍某人的肩膀(表示鼓励或祝贺)fall off the back of a lorry[戏谑语、委婉语](货物)被偷fight with one's back to the wall= have one's back to the wallflat on one's back卧病,卧床不起不能自助;无能为力get back at someone[口语]向某人报复,复仇get off someone's back[美国俚语]不再嘲笑(或批评、指责、打扰、烦忧、缠磨)某人;少唠叨,不再唠叨地责骂某人不再成为某人的负担get on someone's back[口语]找某人麻烦,使某人烦恼,缠磨某人get (或put, set) one's (或someone's) back up[非正式用语]使自己(或某人)生气,触怒某人;生气,使人发怒(如猫发怒弓背)固执,使自己(或某人)变得倔强get (或have) one's own back (on someone)[口语](向某人)报仇,复仇,报复get to the back of something彻底了解事物的底细,弄清真相give (或make) a back弯腰拱背(跳背游戏中让某人从自己背上跳过或攀登)give it back to someone(愤怒地)以同样的行动回报某人,以其人之道还治其人之身give someone the back不再理睬某人;舍某人而去[亦作 give the back to someone]give the back of one's (或the) hand蔑视,侮辱;拒绝(把手背给人同把手心给人与人握手正好相反)斥责go back on[美国口语]对…不忠实,背叛食言,不遵守,不履行go behind someone's back在某人背后搞鬼,背着某人搞小动作God shapes the back for the burden.[谚语]脊背生来就是负重的。have a (或the) monkey on one's back[俚语]毒瘾很深(以致思想上、经济上负担沉重)有甩不掉的包袱,有大难题,有无法承受的负担[废语]发怒,生气[见 monkey]have one's back to (或against) the wall处于困境(或绝境),处境困难;(走投无路时)作困兽斗have one's back up发怒,生气have (或get) one's own back (on someone)[口语](向某人)报仇,复仇,报复have … on one's back背着,驮着;负担着受…的责难(或攻击);被…不断地挑毛病have someone at one's back有某人在背后支持,有某人撑腰被某人追捕in back of[美国口语]在…的后面,在…背后作为…的背后原因,是…的原因;导致支持;鼓励;帮助给…撑腰,作…后盾 (= back of)keep off one's back阻止…进攻,骚扰某人know (something) like the back of one's hand[口语]对(某事,尤指某地)了如指掌,熟悉;精通like the back of a bus[口语]非常丑的make a back= give a backmind your back[口语]让我过去monkey on one's back[俚语]因吸毒而背上的经济(或精神)上的沉重负担(或包袱)甩不掉的包袱,无法承受的负担off someone's back[口语]不再烦扰(或缠磨)某人;不再找某人麻烦one's back is up[口语]生气,发怒,失去自制力on one's back仰天[口语]卧病在床,生病卧床,卧床不起;不能自助依赖(或依靠)某人取笑,批评,烦扰某人;盯在背后纠缠不休陷入困境,一筹莫展而躺倒;屈服on someone's back[口语]嘲笑(或指责)某人;打扰(或惹恼、缠磨)某人,找某人的麻烦成为某人的负担on the back of在…以后不久,紧接着(常指又发生不幸之事)pat oneself on the back对自己表示赞扬(或鼓励、庆贺),自找恭维;自满pat (或slap) someone on the back拍拍某人肩膀,对某人表示鼓励(或赞扬、庆贺)play back【球类运动】踢卫,打卫,担任后卫【板球】后撤击球put one's back into竭尽全力于…,奋发做(某事),埋头干(某事),使劲干(某事),全力以赴,专心致志put one's back to it发奋努力,下功夫put one's (或someone's) back up= get one's (或someone's) back upraise one's back (against)(对…)采取倔强态度;反抗ride on someone's back压迫某人,骑在…人的头上欺骗(或愚弄)某人rip up the back[美国俚语]从背后攻击,背后说坏话scratch someone's back吹捧某人(尤指为了与己方便而)给某人以方便see the back of[口语]摆脱(某人)set someone (back) on his heels使某人吃惊,突然惊扰某人;使某人困窘,使某人狼狈;拖某人的后腿[见 heel]slap someone on (或in) the back拍拍某人肩膀,鼓励某人,赞扬某人stab someone in the back暗箭伤害某人,背后中伤某人,加害某人;对某人背信弃义;背后诽谤某人stay on someone's back[俚语]找某人的岔子;盯在某人背后纠缠不休take a back seat to占次要地位,居…之后,屈居人下talk (或speak) through (the back of) one's neck[俚语]信口开河,随口胡说,胡说八道,说糊涂话;吹牛,夸大其词 [见 neck]the back of beyond[主英国口语]极远的地方;天涯海角;穷乡僻壤,僻远的地区,极偏僻的地方,内地(尤指澳大利亚内陆的荒野地带)the back of one's (或the) hand斥责;惩戒蔑视the back of one's (或someone's) mind (或 head)自己(或某人)的内心深处;自己(或某人)的下意识the Backs(英国剑桥大学的)后花园(在剑河河畔诸学院后面,景色优美)turn one's back on(转身)离开(表示愤怒、轻蔑等);逃离;避开;逃避对…掉头不顾;不理睬;轻视遗弃,舍弃,抛弃;违约;背弃否认;拒绝接受way back很久以前[见 way]with one's back to (或 against) the wall[口语]处于绝境,作困兽斗,在被逼得走投无路时 |
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